Theorem 1.4 (Canonical Ramsey Theorem). Assuming that:

  • (2) is coloured (possibly with an infinite number of colours)

Then there exists an infinite set M such that one of the following holds:
  • (i) c is constant on M.
  • (ii) c is injective on M.
  • (iii) c({i,j})=c({k,l}) if and only if i=k for i<j, k<l in M.
  • (iv) c({i,j})=c({k,l}) if and only if j=l, for all i<j, k<l.