Lemma 1.9. Assuming that:

Then
  • (i) If zB(x,r), then B(z,r)=B(x,r) – so open balls don’t have a centre.
  • (ii) If zB¯(x,r) then B¯(x,r)=B¯(z,r).
  • (iii) B(x,r) is closed.
  • (iv) B¯(x,r) is open.