Lemma 2.17. Assuming that:

  • A⊆𝔽pn of density α

  • ρ>0

  • sup⁡t≠0|𝟙A^(t)|≥ρα

Then there exists V≤𝔽pn of codimension 1 and x∈𝔽pn such that
|A∩(x+V)|≥α(1+ρ2)|V|.