Lemma 2.17. Assuming that:

  • A𝔽pn of density α

  • ρ>0

  • supt0|𝟙A^(t)|ρα

Then there exists V𝔽pn of codimension 1 and x𝔽pn such that
|A(x+V)|α(1+ρ2)|V|.