Lemma 3.7 (Landau). Assuming that:

  • z0∈ℂ and r>0

  • f analytic in B(z0,r)

  • for some M>1 we have |f(z)|<eM|f(z0)| for all z∈B(z0,r)

Then for z∈B(z0,r∕4),
|f′(z)f(z)−∑ρ∈Z1z−ρ|≤96Mr,

where Z is the set of zeroes of f in B(z0,r∕2)¯, counted with multiplicities.