Lemma 1.3 (Partial Summation). Assuming that:

  • (an)n are complex numbers

  • xy0

  • f:[y,x] is continuously differentiable

Then
y<nxanf(n)=A(x)f(x)A(y)f(y)yxA(t)f(t)dt,

where for t1, we define

A(t)=ntan=n=1tan.