Definition 4.24 (Interlacing). Let f be a real rooted polynomial of degree n with roots α1,…,αn and g a real rooted polynomial of degree n−1 with roots β1,…,βn−1. We say g interlaces f if

α1≤β1≤α2≤⋯≤βn−2≤αn−1≤βn−1≤αn.